Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye noSetyenziso lweKlinikhi lweeMicroscopes zotyando eziQinisekisiweyo kakhulu

 

Iimakroskopu zotyandoZidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo zonyango zanamhlanje, ingakumbi kwiinkalo ezichanekileyo ezifana notyando lwemithambo-luvo, i-ophthalmology, i-otolaryngology, kunye notyando olungenalo utyando, apho ziye zaba zizixhobo ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko. Ngenxa yezakhono zokukhulisa eziphezulu,Iimakroskopu ezisebenzayoinika umbono oneenkcukacha, ovumela oogqirha botyando ukuba baqwalasele iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni, ezifana nemicu yemithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye neengqimba zezicubu, ngaloo ndlela kunceda oogqirha ukuba baphephe ukonakalisa izicwili ezisempilweni ngexesha lotyando. Ingakumbi kutyando lwemithambo-luvo, ukwandiswa okuphezulu kwe-microscope kuvumela indawo echanekileyo yeethumba okanye izicwili ezinesifo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imida yokususwa icacile kwaye kuthintelwe umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula umgangatho wokuphila kwezigulane emva kotyando.

Iimicroscopes zotyando zemveli zihlala zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubonisa ezinesisombululo esiqhelekileyo, ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokubona ukuxhasa iimfuno zotyando ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yezonyango, ngakumbi impumelelo kwicandelo letekhnoloji yokubona, umgangatho wokuthatha imifanekiso yeemicroscopes zotyando uye waba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kotyando. Xa kuthelekiswa neemicroscopes zotyando zemveli, iimicroscopes ezichaza kakhulu zinokubonisa iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Ngokwazisa iinkqubo zokubonisa kunye nemifanekiso enezisombululo ze-4K, 8K, okanye ngaphezulu, iimicroscopes zotyando ezichaza kakhulu zenza oogqirha bakwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulawula izilonda ezincinci kunye nezakhiwo zomzimba, okuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lotyando. Ngokudityaniswa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yokucubungula imifanekiso, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nenyani ebonakalayo, iimicroscopes zotyando ezichaza kakhulu aziphuculi kuphela umgangatho wokuthatha imifanekiso kodwa zibonelela ngenkxaso ekrelekrele ngakumbi yotyando, ziqhuba iinkqubo zotyando ziye kuchanekileyo kakhulu kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi.

 

Ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi kwe-microscope eneenkcukacha eziphezulu kakhulu

Ngenxa yophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokufota, iimayikroskopu ezikumgangatho ophezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kancinci kancinci kwizicelo zeklinikhi, ngenxa yesisombululo sazo esiphezulu kakhulu, umgangatho ogqwesileyo wokufota, kunye nobuchule bokujonga obutshintshayo ngexesha langempela.

I-Ophthalmology

Utyando lwamehlo lufuna utyando oluchanekileyo, olubeka imigangatho yobugcisa ephezuluiimakroskopu zotyando lwamehloUmzekelo, kwi-femtosecond laser cornea incision, i-microscope yotyando inokubonelela ngokukhulisa okuphezulu ukujonga igumbi elingaphambili, ukunqunyulwa okuphakathi kwe-eyeball, kunye nokujonga indawo ye-incision. Kwi-ophthalmic surgery, ukukhanya kubalulekile. I-microscope ayiboneleli nje kuphela ngemiphumo emihle yokubona enokukhanya okuphantsi kodwa ikwavelisa ukukhanya okubomvu okukhethekileyo, okunceda kuyo yonke inkqubo yotyando lwe-cataract. Ngaphezu koko, i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) isetyenziswa kakhulu kutyando lwamehlo ukuze kubonakale ngaphantsi komhlaba. Inokubonelela ngemifanekiso enqamlezileyo, yoyise umda we-microscope ngokwayo, engenakuzibona izicubu ezincinci ngenxa yokujonga kwangaphambili. Umzekelo, uKapeller et al. basebenzise isibonisi se-4K-3D kunye nekhompyutha yethebhulethi ukubonisa ngokuzenzekelayo umzobo wempembelelo we-Microscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Ngokusekelwe kwimpendulo yomsebenzisi, uvavanyo lokusebenza kobungakanani, kunye nokulinganisa okwahlukeneyo kobungakanani, babonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa isibonisi se-4K-3D endaweni ye-4D-miOCT kwi-ophthalmic light light emhlophe. Ukongeza, kuphando lukaLata nabanye, ngokuqokelela amatyala ezigulana ezili-16 ezine-glaucoma yokuzalwa ehamba neliso likaBull, basebenzise imakroskopu enomsebenzi we-miOCT ukujonga inkqubo yotyando ngexesha langempela. Ngokuvavanya idatha ephambili efana neeparameter zangaphambi kotyando, iinkcukacha zotyando, iingxaki zasemva kotyando, ubukhali bokubona bokugqibela, kunye nobukhulu be-cornea, ekugqibeleni babonise ukuba i-miOCT inokunceda oogqirha ukuba bachonge izakhiwo zezicubu, baphucule utyando, kwaye banciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ngexesha lotyando. Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-OCT ngokuthe ngcembe iba sisixhobo esincedisayo esinamandla kutyando lwe-vitreoretinal, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima kunye notyando olutsha (njengonyango lwe-gene), abanye oogqirha bayabuza ukuba ingaba ingayiphucula ngokwenene na ukusebenza kakuhle kweklinikhi ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu kunye nekhosi yokufunda ixesha elide.

I-Otolaryngology

Utyando lwe-Otorhinolaryngology lolunye utyando olusebenzisa iimakroskopu zotyando. Ngenxa yokuba kukho imingxunya enzulu kunye nezakhiwo ezithambileyo kwiimpawu zobuso, ukukhulisa nokukhanyisa kubalulekile kwiziphumo zotyando. Nangona ii-endoscopes ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonelela ngembono engcono yeendawo ezimxinwa zotyando,iimayikroskopu zotyando ezineenkcazo eziphezulu kakhuluzibonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu, okuvumela ukwandiswa kweendawo ezincinci ze-anatomical ezifana ne-cochlea kunye ne-sinuses, zinceda oogqirha ekunyangeni iimeko ezifana ne-otitis media kunye ne-nasal polyps. Umzekelo, uDundar et al. bathelekise iziphumo ze-microscope kunye neendlela ze-endoscope zotyando lwe-stapes kunyango lwe-otosclerosis, beqokelela idatha kwizigulana ezingama-84 ezifunyaniswe zine-otosclerosis ezatyandwa phakathi kowama-2010 nowama-2020. Besebenzisa utshintsho kumahluko wokuhambisa umoya-nethambo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando njengesalathisi sokulinganisa, iziphumo zokugqibela zibonise ukuba nangona zombini ezi ndlela zineziphumo ezifanayo ekuphuculeni ukuva, ii-microscopes zotyando zazilula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zazine-curve yokufunda emfutshane. Ngokufanayo, kuphononongo oluzayo olwenziwe ngu-Ashfaq et al., iqela lophando lenze i-microscope-assisted parotidectomy kwizigulana ezingama-70 ezine-parotid gland tumors phakathi kowama-2020 nowama-2023, ligxile ekuvavanyeni indima yee-microscopes ekuchongeni nasekukhuseleni imithambo-luvo yobuso. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iimayikroskopu zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukucaca kwendawo yotyando, zichonge ngokuchanekileyo isiqu esiphambili kunye namasebe omthambo wobuso, zinciphisa ukutsalwa kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nokuncipha koxinzelelo lwegazi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula amazinga okugcinwa kwemithambo-luvo yobuso. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko utyando lusiba nzima kwaye luchanekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AR kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso kunye neemayikroskopu zotyando kwenza oogqirha bakwazi ukwenza utyando olukhokelwa yimifanekiso.

Utyando lwe-Neurosurgery

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultra-high-definitioniimicroscopes zotyando kwi-neurosurgeryitshintshe ukusuka ekujongeni okubonakalayo kwendabuko ukuya kwi-digitalization, i-augmented reality (AR), kunye noncedo olukrelekrele. Umzekelo, uDraxinger nabanye basebenzise imakroskopu edityaniswe nenkqubo ye-MHz-OCT ephuhlisiweyo ngokwayo, ibonelela ngemifanekiso enemilinganiselo emithathu ephezulu ngokusebenzisa i-1.6 MHz scanning frequency, inceda ngempumelelo oogqirha botyando ekwahluleni phakathi kwamathumba kunye nezicubu eziphilileyo ngexesha langempela kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando. UHafez nabanye bathelekise ukusebenza kweemakroskopu zendabuko kunye nenkqubo ye-ultra-high-definition microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) kutyando lwe-cerebrovascular bypass, bafumanisa ukuba nangona imakroskopu yayinexesha elifutshane lokuthungwa (P<0.001), i-Exoscope isebenze ngcono ngokubhekiselele kusasazo lwe-suture (P=0.001). Ukongeza, i-Exoscope ibonelele ngesimo sotyando esikhululekileyo kunye nombono owabelwana ngawo, inika iingenelo zokufundisa. Ngokufanayo, uCalloni nabanye bathelekise ukusetyenziswa kwe-Exoscope kunye neemakroskopu zemveli zotyando ekuqeqesheni abahlali be-neurosurgery. Abahlali abalishumi elinesithandathu benze imisebenzi yokuqaphela ulwakhiwo oluphindaphindeneyo kwiimodeli ze-cranial besebenzisa zombini izixhobo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba nangona bekungekho mahluko mkhulu kwixesha lokusebenza phakathi kwezi zimbini, i-Exoscope isebenze ngcono ekuchongeni izakhiwo ezinzulu kwaye yabonwa njengelula kwaye ikhululekile ngabaninzi babathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Ngokucacileyo, iimakroskopu zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu, ezixhotyiswe ngemiboniso ye-4K ephezulu, zinokubonelela bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngemifanekiso yotyando ye-3D esemgangathweni ophezulu, iququzelele unxibelelwano lotyando, ukudluliselwa kolwazi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa.

Utyando lomqolo

Inkcazo ephezulu kakhuluiimayikroskopu zotyandozidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lotyando lomqolo. Ngokubonelela ngemifanekiso enemilinganiselo emithathu egqibeleleyo, zenza ukuba oogqirha botyando bakwazi ukubona isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo somqolo ngokucacileyo, kuquka iindawo ezincinci ezifana nemithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye nezicubu zamathambo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lotyando. Ngokuphathelele ukulungiswa kwe-scoliosis, ii-microscopes zotyando zinokuphucula ukucaca kombono wotyando kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha kakuhle, zinceda oogqirha ukuba bachonge ngokuchanekileyo izakhiwo ze-neural kunye nezicubu ezinesifo ngaphakathi komjelo womqolo omxinwa, ngaloo ndlela bagqibe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo iinkqubo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuzinzisa.

USun nabanye bathelekise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lotyando lwangaphambili lomlomo wesibeleko oluncediswa yimicroscope kunye notyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko kunyango lokuqina kwe-posterior longitudinal ligament yomqolo wesibeleko. Izigulane ezingamashumi amathandathu zahlulwe zaba liqela elincediswa yimicroscope (amatyala angama-30) kunye neqela lotyando lwendabuko (amatyala angama-30). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iqela elincediswa yimicroscope lalinokulahlekelwa yigazi okuphezulu ngexesha lotyando, ukuhlala esibhedlele, kunye namanqaku entlungu emva kotyando xa kuthelekiswa neqela lotyando lwendabuko, kwaye izinga leengxaki laliphantsi kwiqela elincediswa yimicroscope. Ngokufanayo, kutyando lokuhlanganisa umgogodla, uSinghatanadgige nabanye bathelekise iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwemicroscopes yotyando lwamathambo kunye neeglasi zokukhulisa utyando kwi-transforaminal lumbar fusion encinci. Olu phononongo luquke izigulane ezili-100 kwaye alubonisanga mahluko abalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amabini ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu emva kotyando, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza, ukwanda komjelo womgogodla, izinga lokuhlanganisa, kunye neengxaki, kodwa imicroscope inike umbono ongcono. Ukongeza, iimicroscopes ezidityaniswe netekhnoloji ye-AR zisetyenziswa kakhulu kutyando lomgogodla. Umzekelo, uCarl nabanye. Itekhnoloji ye-AR esekwe kwizigulane ezili-10 kusetyenziswa isibonisi esifakwe entloko se-microscope yotyando. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-AR inamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa kutyando lokunciphisa umqolo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima zomzimba kunye nemfundo yabahlali.

 

Isishwankathelo kunye neMbono

Xa kuthelekiswa neemakroskopu zotyando zemveli, iimakroskopu zotyando ezineentsingiselo eziphezulu kakhulu zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokukhulisa, ukukhanya okuzinzileyo nokukhanyayo, iinkqubo zokukhanya ezichanekileyo, imigama emide yokusebenza, kunye neendawo ezizinzileyo ezisemgangathweni. Ngaphezu koko, iindlela zazo zokubona ngeliso eliphezulu, ngakumbi ukuhlanganiswa neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso kunye netekhnoloji ye-AR, zixhasa ngempumelelo utyando olukhokelwa yimifanekiso.

Nangona zininzi iingenelo zeemakroskopu zotyando, zisajongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, iimakroskopu zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu zibangela ubunzima obuthile bokusebenza ngexesha lokuthuthwa phakathi kwamagumbi otyando kunye nokubekwa kwindawo yotyando, okunokuchaphazela kakubi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zotyando. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uyilo lwesakhiwo seemakroskopu luye lwaphuculwa kakhulu, kunye neebharele zazo ze-optical kunye neebharele zelensi ze-binocular ezixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lokuthambeka kunye nohlengahlengiso olujikelezayo, ziphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwezixhobo kwaye zenza kube lula ukujonga nokusebenza kogqirha kwindawo yendalo nekhululekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokubonisa enxibekayo lubonelela oogqirha ngenkxaso ebonakalayo enobuchule ngakumbi ngexesha lotyando lwe-microsurgical, ukunceda ekunciphiseni ukudinwa kokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kogqirha wotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesakhiwo esixhasayo, kufuneka ukuphinda ugxile rhoqo, okwenza uzinzo lwetekhnoloji yokubonisa enxibekayo lube ngaphantsi kolo lweemakroskopu zotyando eziqhelekileyo. Esinye isisombululo kukuguquka kwesakhiwo sezixhobo ukuya kwi-miniaturization kunye ne-modularization ukuze zilungelelaniswe ngokulula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa umthamo kudla ngokubandakanya iinkqubo zokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhanya ezidibeneyo ezibiza kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ixabiso lokwenyani lokuvelisa izixhobo libize kakhulu.

Omnye umceli mngeni wee-microscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kukutsha kwesikhumba okubangelwa kukukhanya okunamandla aphezulu. Ukuze kubonelelwe ngeziphumo ezibonakalayo ezikhanyayo, ngakumbi xa kukho ababukeli abaninzi okanye iikhamera, umthombo wokukhanya kufuneka ukhuphe ukukhanya okunamandla, okunokutshisa izicwili zesigulane. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba ii-microscopes zotyando lwamehlo zinokubangela ubuthi be-phototoxic kumphezulu weliso kunye nefilimu yokukrazula, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kweeseli zeliso. Ke ngoko, ukuphucula ulawulo lokukhanya, ukulungisa ubungakanani bebala kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya ngokwendlela yokukhulisa kunye nomgama wokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu kwii-microscopes zotyando. Kwixesha elizayo, i-optical imaging inokungenisa i-panoramic imaging kunye netekhnoloji yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-three-dimensional ukwandisa intsimi yokujonga kunye nokubuyisela ngokuchanekileyo uyilo lwe-three-dimensional yendawo yotyando. Oku kuya kwenza oogqirha baqonde ngcono imeko iyonke yendawo yotyando kwaye baphephe ukuphoswa lulwazi olubalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-panoramic imaging kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-three-dimensional kubandakanya ukufunyanwa, ukubhaliswa, kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwemifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu ngexesha langempela, ukuvelisa idatha eninzi. Oku kubeka imfuneko ephezulu kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-algorithms yokucubungula imifanekiso, amandla ekhompyutha yehardware, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina, ingakumbi ngexesha lotyando apho ukusebenza ngexesha langempela kubaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza olu celomngeni lubonakale ngakumbi.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji ezifana nomfanekiso wezonyango, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye ne-computational optics, ii-microscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu zibonakalise amandla amakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kotyando, ukhuseleko, kunye namava okusebenza. Kwixesha elizayo, ii-microscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu zinokuqhubeka nokukhula kwiindlela ezine ezilandelayo: (1) Ngokuphathelele ukwenziwa kwezixhobo, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto kufuneka kufezekiswe ngeendleko eziphantsi, okwenza ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi okukhulu kube nokwenzeka; (2) Phuhlisa iindlela zokulawula ukukhanya eziphucukileyo ukujongana nomba womonakalo wokukhanya obangelwa lutyando olude; (3) Yila ii-algorithms ezincedisayo ezikrelekrele ezichanekileyo nezikhaphukhaphu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokubala; (4) Hlanganisa ngokunzulu iinkqubo zotyando ze-AR kunye nezerobhothi ukubonelela ngenkxaso yeqonga lentsebenziswano ekude, ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezenzekelayo. Ngamafutshane, ii-microscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu ziya kuguquka zibe yinkqubo yoncedo lotyando ebanzi edibanisa ukuphucula umfanekiso, ukuqatshelwa kobuchule, kunye nempendulo esebenzisanayo, enceda ekwakheni inkqubo yedijithali yotyando lwexesha elizayo.

Eli nqaku libonelela ngesishwankathelo senkqubela phambili kwiiteknoloji eziphambili eziqhelekileyo zeemicroscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kugxilwe ekusetyenzisweni kwazo nasekuphuhlisweni kwazo kwiinkqubo zotyando. Ngokuphuculwa kwesisombululo, iimicroscopes ezikumgangatho ophezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezifana notyando lwemithambo-luvo, i-ophthalmology, i-otolaryngology, kunye notyando lomqolo. Ingakumbi, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yokuhamba ngokuchanekileyo ngaphakathi kotyando kwiindlela zotyando ezingaphantsi komgudu kuye kwaphakamisa ukuchaneka nokhuseleko lwale nkqubo. Ukujonga phambili, njengoko ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye netekhnoloji yerobhothi ziqhubela phambili, iimicroscopes ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kubonelela ngenkxaso yotyando esebenzayo nekrelekrele ngakumbi, ziqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili kotyando olungaphantsi komgudu kunye nentsebenziswano ekude, ngaloo ndlela ziphakamisa ngakumbi ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kotyando.