Ukuqhubela phambili kweTekhnoloji kunye nezicelo zeklinikhi ze-Ultra-High-Definition Surgical Microscopes

 

Imikroskopu yotyandozidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo zonyango zanamhlanje, ngakumbi kumacandelo achanekileyo afana ne-neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, kunye notyando olungephi, apho baye baba zizixhobo ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko. Ngezakhono zokukhulisa okuphezulu,Iimicroscopes ezisebenzayonikela imbono eneenkcukacha, nto leyo evumela oogqirha botyando ukuba babone iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo ngeliso lenyama, njengemithambo yemithambo-luvo, imithambo-luvo yegazi, kunye nezicubu zomzimba, ngaloo ndlela benceda oogqirha baphephe ukonakalisa izicwili ezisempilweni ebudeni botyando. Ngokukodwa kwi-neurosurgery, ukukhuliswa okuphezulu kwe-microscope kuvumela indawo echanekileyo ye-tumor okanye izicubu ezigulayo, ukuqinisekisa i-resection margins ecacileyo kunye nokuphepha umonakalo kwiimbilini ezibalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umgangatho wokubuyisela emva kwezigulane.

Iimicroscopes zotyando lwesintu zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubonisa zesisombululo esisemgangathweni, ezikwaziyo ukunika ulwazi olwaneleyo olubonakalayo ukuxhasa iimfuno zotyando ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yezonyango, ngakumbi impumelelo kwicandelo letekhnoloji yokubonwayo, umgangatho wokucinga weemicroscopes zotyando ngokuthe ngcembe uye waba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kotyando. Xa kuthelekiswa nemicroscopes yotyando lwesintu, iimakroskopu ze-ultra-high-definition zingabonisa iinkcukacha ezithe chatha. Ngokuzisa iinkqubo zokubonisa kunye nokucinga ngezigqibo ze-4K, i-8K, okanye nangaphezulu, i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ye-ultra-high-definition yenza ukuba oogqirha bachonge ngokuchanekileyo kwaye basebenzise izilonda ezincinci kunye nezakhiwo ze-anatomical, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lotyando. Ngokudityaniswa okuqhubekayo kobugcisa bokucwangcisa umfanekiso, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nenyani yokwenyani, iimicroscopes zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition aziphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wokucinga kodwa zibonelela ngenkxaso ekrelekrele ngakumbi yotyando, ukuqhuba iinkqubo zotyando ngokubhekiselele ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi.

 

Ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi ye-ultra-high-definition microscope

Ngokuqhubeka nokusungula itekhnoloji yokucinga, iimakroskopu ze-ultra-high-definition ngokuthe ngcembe zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zeklinikhi, ngenxa yesisombululo sazo esiphezulu kakhulu, umgangatho womfanekiso ogqwesileyo, kunye nesakhono sokubona ngexesha lokwenyani.

I-Ophthalmology

Utyando lwamehlo lufuna utyando oluchanekileyo, olubeka imigangatho ephezulu yobugcisaiimicroscopes zotyando lwamehlo. Umzekelo, kwi-femtosecond laser corneal incision, imakroskopu yotyando inokubonelela ngokukhulisa okuphezulu ukujonga igumbi elingaphambili, ukusika okuphakathi kwebhola yeliso, kunye nokujonga indawo yokusikwa. Kutyando lwamehlo, ukukhanya kubalulekile. Imakroskopu ayiboneleli kuphela imbonakalo yeziphumo ezilungileyo kunye nokukhanya okuncinci kokukhanya kodwa ivelisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo okubomvu, okunceda kuyo yonke inkqubo yotyando lwecataract. Ngaphezu koko, i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-ophthalmic surgery ye-visualization yangaphantsi komhlaba. Inokubonelela ngemifanekiso enqamlezileyo, ukoyisa umda we-microscope ngokwayo, engakwazi ukubona izicubu ezintle ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa kwangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, uKapeller et al. isebenzise umboniso we-4K-3D kunye nekhompyutheni yethebhulethi ukuze ibonise ngokuzenzekelayo umzobo we-microscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Ngokusekwe kwimpendulo yomsebenzisi ezimeleyo, uvandlakanyo lobungakanani bomsebenzi, kunye nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yobungakanani, babonise ukuba nokwenzeka kokusebenzisa umboniso we-4K-3D njengendawo ye-4D-miOCT kwimakroskopu yokukhanya okumhlophe. Ukongezelela, kwisifundo sikaLata et al., ngokuqokelela amatyala ezigulane ze-16 ezine-glaucoma yokuzalwa ehamba ne-bull eye, basebenzisa i-microscope kunye nomsebenzi we-miOCT ukujonga inkqubo yotyando ngexesha langempela. Ngokuphonononga idatha ephambili efana neeparameters zangaphambili, iinkcukacha zotyando, iingxaki emva kokuhlinzwa, i-acuity acuity yokugqibela, kunye nobukhulu be-corneal, ekugqibeleni babonisa ukuba i-miOCT inokunceda oogqirha bachonge izakhiwo zezicubu, ukwandisa ukusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ngexesha lotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwe-OCT ngokuthe ngcembe ibe sisixhobo esinamandla sotyando kwi-vitreoretinal, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo kunye noqhaqho lwenoveli (njengonyango lwemfuza), abanye oogqirha bayabuza ukuba inokuphucula ngokwenene ukusebenza kwezonyango ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu kunye negophe lokufunda elide.

I-Otolaryngology

Utyando lweOtorhinolaryngology yenye indawo yotyando esebenzisa imikroskopu yotyando. Ngenxa yobukho bemingxuma enzulu kunye nezakhiwo ezibuthathaka kwiimpawu zobuso, ukwandiswa kunye nokukhanya kubalulekile kwiziphumo zotyando. Nangona i-endoscopes ngamanye amaxesha inokubonelela ngembono engcono yeendawo zotyando ezimxinwa,iimakroskopu zotyando ze-ultra-high-definitionzinika ukuqonda okunzulu, ukuvumela ukwandiswa kwemimandla ye-anatomical emxinwa efana ne-cochlea kunye ne-sinuses, ukuncedisa oogqirha ekunyangeni iimeko ezifana ne-otitis media kunye ne-nasal polyps. Ngokomzekelo, uDundar et al. kuthelekisa imiphumo ye-microscope kunye neendlela ze-endoscope zotyando lwe-stapes kunyango lwe-otosclerosis, ukuqokelela idatha kwizigulane ze-84 ezifunyanwe ne-otosclerosis eyaye yenziwa utyando phakathi kwe-2010 kunye ne-2020. Ukusebenzisa utshintsho kwi-air-bone conduction difference ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa njengesalathisi sokulinganisa, iziphumo zokugqibela zibonise ukuba nangona zombini iindlela zineempembelelo ezilula zotyando kunye nokuphucula i-earthography yokuphucula ukuva. igophe. Ngokufanayo, kuphononongo olulindelekileyo olwenziwe ngu-Ashfaq et al., Iqela lophando lenze i-microscope-incediswa yi-parotidectomy kwizigulana ezingama-70 ezinamathumba e-parotid gland phakathi kuka-2020 kunye no-2023, egxile ekuvavanyeni indima yeemicroscopes ekuchongeni imithambo yobuso kunye nokhuseleko. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ii-microscopes zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukucaca kwentsimi yotyando, ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo i-trunk ephambili kunye namasebe e-nerve ebusweni, ukunciphisa i-nerve traction, kunye ne-hemostasis, okwenza kube sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula izinga lokugcinwa kwe-nerve ebusweni. Ngaphaya koko, njengoko utyando lusiya lusiba nzima ngakumbi kwaye luchanekile, ukudityaniswa kwe-AR kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga ngeemakroskopu zotyando zenza ukuba oogqirha botyando benze utyando olukhokelwa yimifanekiso.

I-Neurosurgery

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultra-high-definitioniimicroscopes zotyando kwi-neurosurgeryiye yatshintsha ukusuka kwi-optical observation yendabuko ukuya kwidijithali, i-augmented reality (AR), kunye noncedo oluhlakaniphile. Ngokomzekelo, uDraxinger et al. kusetyenziswe imakroskopu edityaniswe nenkqubo ye-MHz-OCT eziphuhlisileyo, ebonelela ngesisombululo esiphezulu semifanekiso emithathu-ntathu ngesantya sokuskena se-1.6 MHz, ukuncedisa ngempumelelo oogqirha botyando ukwahlula phakathi kwamathumba kunye nezicubu ezisempilweni ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando. Hafez et al. xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kweemicroscopes zendabuko kunye ne-ultra-high-definition microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) kwi-experimental cerebrovascular bypass surgery, ukufumanisa ukuba nangona i-microscope yayinamaxesha amafutshane e-suture (P <0.001), i-Exoscope yenza ngcono ngokusasazwa kwe-suture (P = 0.001). Ukongeza, i-Exoscope ibonelele ngokukhululeka kotyando kunye nombono okwabelwana ngawo, inika izibonelelo zokufundisa. Ngokufanayo, uCalloni et al. kuthelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Exoscope kunye ne-microscopes yotyando lwesintu ekuqeqesheni abahlali be-neurosurgery. Abahlali abalishumi elinesithandathu benze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo yolwakhiwo kwiimodeli zecranial besebenzisa izixhobo zozibini. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba nangona bekungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwixesha elipheleleyo lokusebenza phakathi kwezi zibini, i-Exoscope iqhube ngcono ekuchongeni izakhiwo ezinzulu kwaye yabonwa njengengqiqo kwaye ikhululekile ngabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, kunye nokubanakho ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Ngokucacileyo, i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ye-ultra-high-definition, exhotyiswe nge-4K i-high-definition displays, inokubonelela bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngemifanekiso engcono ye-3D yokuhlinzwa, ukuququzelela unxibelelwano lotyando, ukuhanjiswa kolwazi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa.

Utyando lomqolo

Ultra-high-definitionimikroskopu yotyandodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lotyando lomqolo. Ngokubonelela nge-high-resolution ye-imaging ye-three-dimensional, zenza oogqirha botyando babone ubume be-anatomical entsonkothileyo yomqolo ngokucacileyo ngakumbi, kubandakanywa iindawo ezifihlakeleyo ezinjengemithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye nezicubu zamathambo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuchaneka nokhuseleko lotyando. Ngokumalunga nokulungiswa kwe-scoliosis, i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa inokuphucula ukucaca kombono wotyando kunye nokukwazi ukunyanzeliswa kakuhle, ukunceda oogqirha ukuba bachonge ngokuchanekileyo izakhiwo ze-neural kunye nezicubu ezigulayo ngaphakathi komgudu omncinci womgogodla, ngaloo ndlela ukugqiba ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ukugqiba ukuchithwa kunye neenkqubo zokuzinzisa.

Sun et al. kuthelekisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwe-microscope-incedise utyando lwangaphambili lomlomo wesibeleko kunye notyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko kunyango lwe-ossification ye-posterior longitudinal ligament yomqolo wesibeleko. Izigulane ezingamashumi amathandathu zahlulahlulwe kwiqela elincediswa nge-microscope (iimeko ze-30) kunye neqela lotyando lwendabuko (iimeko ze-30). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iqela elincediswa nge-microscope lalinokulahleka kwegazi eliphezulu kwi-intraoperative, ukuhlala esibhedlele, kunye namanqaku entlungu emva kokuhlinzwa xa kuthelekiswa neqela lotyando lwendabuko, kwaye izinga lobunzima laliphantsi kwiqela elincediswa nge-microscope. Ngokufanayo, kwi-spinal fusion utyando, Singhatanadgige et al. kuthelekisa iziphumo zesicelo semicroscopes yotyando lwamathambo kunye neeglasi zokukhulisa utyando kwi-transforaminal lumbar fusion encinci. Uphononongo lubandakanya izigulane ze-100 kwaye alubonisi ntlukwano ebalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amabini ekunciphiseni intlungu emva kokusebenza, ukuphuculwa komsebenzi, ukwandiswa komgudu womgudu, izinga lokudibanisa, kunye neengxaki, kodwa i-microscope ibonelele intsimi engcono yokujonga. Ukongeza, ii-microscopes ezidityaniswe netekhnoloji ye-AR zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuqhaqho lomqolo. Ngokomzekelo, uCarl et al. kusekwe itekhnoloji ye-AR kwizigulane ze-10 ezisebenzisa umboniso oxhonywe entloko we-microscope yokuhlinzwa. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-AR inamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa kwi-spinal degenerative operation, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima ze-anatomical kunye nemfundo yokuhlala.

 

Isishwankathelo kunye ne-Outlook

Xa kuthelekiswa neemicroscopes zotyando lwesintu, iimakroskopu zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanywa iinketho ezininzi zokukhulisa, ukukhanya okuzinzileyo nokuqaqambileyo, iinkqubo ezichanekileyo zokukhanya, imigama eyongeziweyo yokusebenza, kunye nezitendi ezizinzileyo ze-ergonomic. Ngaphaya koko, iinketho zabo zokujonga kwisisombululo esiphezulu, ngakumbi ukudityaniswa kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga kunye netekhnoloji ye-AR, zixhasa ngokufanelekileyo utyando olukhokelwa ngumfanekiso.

Ngaphandle koncedo oluninzi lwemicroscope yotyando, basajongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, iimicroscopes zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition zenza ubunzima obuthile bokusebenza ngexesha lokuthuthwa phakathi kwamagumbi okusebenza kunye nokuma kwe-intraoperative, enokuthi ichaphazele kakubi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zotyando. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uyilo lolwakhiwo lwee-microscopes luphuculwe kakhulu, kunye nabathwali be-optical lens barrel ze-binocular lens ezixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lokuthambeka kunye nohlengahlengiso olujikelezayo, luphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokuququzelela ukujonga kunye nokusebenza kogqirha kwindawo yendalo kunye nekhululekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokubonisa okunxibayo ibonelela oogqirha botyando ngenkxaso ebonakalayo ye-ergonomic ngakumbi ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-microsurgical, inceda ukunciphisa ukudinwa kokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando kunye nobuchule bokwenza utyando oluzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesakhiwo esixhasayo, ukuqwalaselwa kwakhona rhoqo kuyafuneka, okwenza ukuzinza kobuchwephesha bomboniso obunxitywayo obungaphantsi kwe-microscopes eqhelekileyo yotyando. Esinye isisombululo kukuvela kolwakhiwo lwezixhobo ukuya kwi-miniaturization kunye ne-modularization ukuze ziqhelanise bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukuncitshiswa kwevolumu kuhlala kubandakanya iinkqubo zokuchaneka komatshini kunye neendleko eziphezulu ezidityanisiweyo zamacandelo okukhanya, okwenza ezona ndleko zokwenziwa kwezixhobo zibize kakhulu.

Omnye ucelomngeni lwemikroskopu yotyando oluphezulu-high-definition kukutsha kwesikhumba okubangelwa kukukhanya kwamandla aphezulu. Ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezibonakalayo eziqaqambileyo, ngakumbi phambi kwababukeli abaninzi okanye iikhamera, umthombo wokukhanya kufuneka ukhuphe ukukhanya okunamandla, okunokutshisa izicubu zesigulane. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa yamehlo inokubangela ukuba i-phototoxicity kwindawo ye-ocular kunye nokukrazula ifilimu, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kweeseli ze-ocular. Ke ngoko, ukwenza ngcono ulawulo lokukhanya, ukulungelelanisa ubungakanani bendawo kunye nokuqina kokukhanya ngokokukhulisa kunye nomgama wokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimicroscopes zotyando. Kwixesha elizayo, i-imaging i-optical imaging inokwazisa i-panoramic imaging kunye neeteknoloji ezintathu-dimensional reconstruction tekhnoloji ukwandisa intsimi yokujonga kunye nokubuyisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuhlelwa kwe-three-dimensional yendawo yotyando. Oku kuya kwenza oogqirha ukuba baqonde ngcono imeko jikelele yendawo yotyando kwaye bagweme ukulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-panoramic imaging kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-dimensional-dimensional-dimensional ibandakanya ukufunyanwa kwexesha langempela, ukubhaliswa, kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwemifanekiso ephezulu, ukuvelisa amanani amakhulu edatha. Oku kubeka iimfuno eziphakamileyo kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-algorithms yokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso, amandla ekhompyuter yekhompyuter, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina, ngakumbi ngexesha lotyando apho ukusebenza ngexesha lokwenyani kubalulekile, okwenza lo mngeni ubonakale ngakumbi.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji enje ngentelekelelo yezonyango, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye ne-computational optics, iimicroscopes zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition zibonise amandla amakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kotyando, ukhuseleko kunye namava okusebenza. Kwixesha elizayo, ii-microscopes zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition zingaqhubeka nokuphuhliswa kwezi ndlela zine zilandelayo: (1) Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yezixhobo, i-miniaturization kunye ne-modularization kufuneka iphunyezwe ngeendleko eziphantsi, ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwekliniki enkulu kunokwenzeka; (2) Ukuphuhlisa iindlela eziphambili zokulawula ukukhanya ukujongana nomba womonakalo wokukhanya obangelwa utyando olude; (3) Yila ii-algorithms ezincedisayo ezikrelekrele ezichanekileyo kwaye zikhaphukhaphu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza zokubala zezixhobo; (4) Ukudibanisa ngokubanzi i-AR kunye neenkqubo zokuhlinzwa zerobhothi ukubonelela ngenkxaso yeqonga kwintsebenziswano ekude, ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Isishwankathelo, ii-microscopes zotyando ze-ultra-high-definition ziya kuguquka zibe yinkqubo yoncedo yotyando olubanzi oludibanisa ukuphuculwa komfanekiso, ukuqondwa okukrelekrele, kunye nengxelo esebenzayo, inceda ekwakheni i-ecosystem yedijithali yotyando oluzayo.

Eli nqaku libonelela ngombono wenkqubela phambili kwiiteknoloji ezingundoqo eziqhelekileyo ze-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ye-ultra-high-definition, ngokugxininisa kwisicelo sabo kunye nophuhliso kwiinkqubo zotyando. Ngokwandiswa kwesisombululo, iimakroskopu ze-ultra-high-definition zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumacandelo afana ne-neurosurgery, i-ophthalmology, i-otolaryngology, kunye notyando lomqolo. Ngokukodwa, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yokukhangela echanekileyo kwi-intraoperative precision navigation kutyando olungenelelayo oluncinci luphakamise ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lwezi nkqubo. Ukujonga phambili, njengoko ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye netekhnoloji yerobhothi iqhubela phambili, iimicroscopes ze-ultra-high-definition ziya kubonelela ngenkxaso yotyando esebenzayo kunye nobukrelekrele, ukuqhubela phambili utyando oluhlaselayo oluncinci kunye nentsebenziswano ekude, ngaloo ndlela iphakamisa ukhuseleko lotyando kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.