Imbali yesicelo kunye nendima yee-microscopes zonyango kwi-neurosurgery

 

Kwimbali ye-neurosurgery, ukusetyenziswa kweI-microscopes yoqhaqholuphawu oluqhekekileyo lwehlabathi, ukuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwixesha le-neurosurulical yemveli yokwenza utyando phantsi kweliso eliphakathi kwe-neurosurrucgefic yanamhlanje yoqhaqho phantsi kweI-Microscope. Ngubani kwaye niniI-Microscope yokusebenzaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-neurosurgery? Inayiphi indimaI-microscope ye-surgicalIdlalwa kuphuhliso lwe-neurosurgery? Ngokuqhubela phambili kwezenzululwazi nobuchwephesha, kuyaUkusebenza kwe-microscopeUkutshintshwa zizixhobo eziphezulu? Lo ngumbuzo wokuba yonke i-neurosurgeon kufuneka ikwazi kwaye isebenzise itekhnoloji yakutshanje kunye nezixhobo kwicandelo le-neurosurgery, ekukhuthazeni ukuphuculwa kwezakhono ze-neurosurgery.

1, Imbali yezicelo ze-microscopy kwicandelo lezonyango

Kwi-physics, iilensi zamehlo ze-convex lenses enesakhiwo esinye esinefuthe elikhulu, kwaye ukukhulelwa kwalo lilinganiselwe, laziwa njengeeglasi ezikhulisa. Ngo-1590, abantu ababini baseDatshi bafaka iipleyiti ezimbini ze-convex ze-cylindrical barrel, ngaloo ndlela yokwakha isakhiwo sokuqala seSport's StoresI-Microscope. Emva koko, ubume bemicroscope baphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ukukhulelwa kukwanda ngokuqhubekayo. Ngelo xesha, izazinzulu ikakhulu ziyisebenzisa le ntoI-microscope ye-microscopeUkujonga izakhiwo ezincinci zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, ezinjengomenzi weeseli. Ukususela ekumdaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iiglasi ezinkulu kunye nemicrossopu ziye zasetyenziswa kwicandelo lezonyango. Ekuqaleni, oogqirha basebenzisa isitayile se-eyeglass ekhulisa iiglasi kunye nesakhiwo esinye selensi esinokubekwa kwibhulorho yeempumlo zotyando. Ngo-1876, ugqirha waseJamani uSaisisch wenza utyando lokuqala lwehlabathi "le microscopic" esebenzisa iglasi yeglasi yeglasi (uhlobo lotyando alaziwa). Ngo-1893, inkampani yaseJamani ye-zeiss yala iI-binocular microscope, ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukujonga uvavanyo kwiilebhu zonyango, kunye nokujonga izilonda ze-corneal kunye ne-anurds yegumbi laseBerthel kwintsimi ye-Ophthalmology. Ngo-1921, ngokusekelwe kuphando lwelebhu kwindlebe yezilwanyana zangaphakathi, iSweden Otolayngogist i-NYANTH isetyenzisiweI-microscope ye-monoctureYenzelwe kwaye yenziwa yedwa ukuze wenze utyando lwe-Otitiition Otitis engapheliyo ebantwini, eyayingumbhogshizo oyinyaniso. Unyaka omnye kamva, ugqirha ophezulu kaNylen Hlolmgren wazisa iI-binoscope yotywalayenziwe yi-zeiss kwigumbi lokusebenza.

KwasekuqaleniI-Microscope yokusebenzayayineembambano ezininzi, ezinjengokuzinza ezigwenxa, ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukuthabatha izembe ezahlukileyo kunye nokufudumeza kwelensi yenjongo, intsimi yokuqiniswa kweyona ntsimi, njl. njl.I-microscopes yoqhaqho. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ilandelayo, ngenxa yokusebenzisana okuqinisekileyo phakathi kogqirha kwayeAbavelisi be-microscope, ukusebenza kweI-microscopes yoqhaqhowaphucuka ngokuqhubekayo, kwayeI-binocular microscopes, Uphahla olukhuselekileyo lwe-microscopes, iilensi ze-zoom, i-ceaxial fitling thaphuli, uxinzelelo lwamanzi olwenziwe iingalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ulawulo lwe-pedli olwenziwe ngonyawo, njalo njalo njalo lwaphuhliswa ngempumelelo. Ngo-1953, inkampani yaseJamani ye-zeiss inike uthotho lwezinto ezikhethekileyoImicroscopes ye-surgical ye-otology, ngakumbi i-uprgeries kwizilonda ezinzulu ezinjengeendlebe eziphakathi kunye nethambo lethutyana. Ngelixa ukwenziwa kweI-microscopes yoqhaqhoIyaqhubeka ukuphucula, i-mindset yogqirha ihlala itshintsha. Umzekelo, oogqirha baseJamani bolliner kunye ne-Wullstein bayichaza loo ntoI-microscopes yoqhaqhokufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuqeshwa kwe-tympic membrane. Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1950s, oosochwephesha be-Ophthalmologist batshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe inkqubo yokusebenzisa ii-microscope ze-ophthalmic kwaye zazisaI-microscopes ye-otousticalungene kwi-ophthalmic utyando. Ukusukela ngoko,Ukusebenza kwe-microscopeisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimimandla ye-otology kunye ne-ophthalmology.

2, Ukusetyenziswa kwe-microscope yoNyango kwi-Neurosurgery

Ngenxa yobunye be-neurosurgery, ukusetyenziswa kweImicroscopes yoqhaqho kwi-neurosurgeryIhlala kancinane i-otology kunye ne-ophalmology, kwaye i-neurosurgeons ifunda ngenkuthalo itekhnoloji intsha. Ngelo xesha,Ukusetyenziswa kwee-microscopes zonyangoyayiseYurophu yayiseYurophu. I-American Obthalmologist i-peritri ye-perit yazisaI-microscopes yoqhaqhoUkusuka eYurophu ukuya eUnited States ngo-1946, ukubeka isiseko se-neurosurgeons yaseMelika ukuyisebenzisaI-Microscope yokusebenza.

Ngokwembono yokuhlonela ixabiso lobomi bomntu, nayiphi na itekhnoloji entsha, izixhobo, okanye izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanywa kwezilwanyana kunye noqeqesho lobugcisa lwabasebenzi. Ngo-1955, iAmerican Neurosurgeon Malis yenze utyando lobuchopho kwizilwanyana ezisebenzisa iI-binoscope yotywala. Kumsa, i-neurosurgeon kwiYunivesithi yaseMazantsi eCalifornia e-United States, ichithe unyaka efunda ngeendlela zokubonisa i-microscope kwilabhoratri emva kokugcina i-microscope. Ngo-Agasti ka-1957, wayenza ngempumelelo ugqirha we-neuroustic i-neuroma kumntwana oneminyaka emi-5 ubudala usebenzisa iI-microscope yoqhawulo-mtshato yendlebe, yayinguhliseni lo utyando lokuqala lwehlabathi. Kungekudala emva koko, kurze iphumelele ngempumelelo i-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve ye-nerve e-Anastomosis emntwaneni besebenzisa i-AI-microscope ye-surgical, kwaye ukubuyela kwakhona komntwana kuye kwaphela. Olu yayingugqirha we-microsurgy yesibini emhlabeni. Emva koko, ku-Kurze asebenzise iilori zokuphathaI-Microscope yokusebenzakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-microsurgery ye-microsurgery, kwaye yacebisa ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kweI-microscopes yoqhaqhokwezinye ii-neurosgeons. Emva koko, kusekwe kwi-Kurze ye-cerebral aneurysm ye-creppety clikity usebenzisa iI-microscope ye-surgical(Ngelishwa, akazange apapashe amanye amanqaku). Ngenkxaso yesigulana esiyinqandisi awaphathwayo, wamisela i-shiecy yokuqala ye-neulgergese ye-neurosurgery ngo-1961. Sihlala sikhumbula igalelo likaBurosurgery ngo-1961. Sisoloko sikhumbula igalelo likaBurfy kwaye sifunde kwi-teknoloji yakhe yokwamkela itekhnoloji kunye nemibono yakhe entsha. Nangona kunjalo, kude kufike ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ezinye ii-neurosurgeons eTshayina azizange zamkeleImicrosurgery microscopesutyando. Le yayingeyongxaki kunyeI-Neurosuurgery microscopengokwayo, kodwa yingxaki ngengqondo ye-neurosurgeons '.

Ngo-1958, iAmerican Neurosurgeon Dogy isekwe uphando lophando lokuqala lweMicrosgery wehlabathi kunye nelebhu yoqeqesho eBurlington, Vermont. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukwadibana nokudideka kunye nobunzima bezemali kubaphathi bakhe. Kwimfundo, wayesoloko ecinga ukusika imithambo yegazi evulekileyo ukuya ngqo kwi-tronmbi evela kwizigulana ezine-cerebral rimbos. Wasebenzisana nogqirha we-vascular jascun jacobson kwi-petal kunye nophando lwekliniki. Ngelo xesha, phantsi kwemiqathango yeliso eliphakathi, kuphela imithambo yegazi kuphela enobubanzi beemilimitha ezi-7-8 okanye ngaphezulu inokutyhubela. Ukwenzela ukufezekisa i-apistomomosi yokuphela kwegazi, i-jacobson yokuqala izamile ukusebenzisa isitayile seglasi. Kwakamsinya emva, wakhumbula ukusebenzisa iI-OtolayngongoNgokhlisayo ye-microscopeUtyando xa wayengugqirha wasemhlabeni. Ke, ngoncedo lwe-Zeiss eJamani, uJacobson wadala i-microscope yotyhutyha kabini (I-Diploscope) Kwi-vascular i-anastomosis, evumela oogqirha ababini ukwenza utyando ngaxeshanye. Emva kovavanyo lwezilwanyana ngokubanzi, uJacobson wapapasha inqaku elikwi-rossurrusical ye-microsurgical yeZinja kunye ne-Carotid Arderies (1960), kunye ne-100% yexabiso le-biscomosis. Eli liphepha eliphantsi kwezonyango elihambelana ne-microsurgery kunye ne-vascular utyando. UJacobsson wazenzela izixhobo ezininzi ezincinci, ezinjengesikeresi esincinci, abanini beenaliti ezincinci, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci. Ngo-1960, uDonghy wenza ngempumelelo i-certiry ye-certiry ye-ceracture iphazamisa phantsi kweI-microscope ye-surgicalkwisigulana nge-cerebral rimbossis. URhoton evela e-United States waqala ukufunda i-amomy yengqondo phantsi kwe-microscope ngo-1967, ubuvulindlela intsimi entsha ye-rosururg kunye nokwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe microsurgergery. Ngenxa yeengenelo zeI-microscopes yoqhaqhokunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo ze microsururg, ngakumbi kwaye uninzi lweendaba luthanda ukusetyenziswaI-microscopes yoqhaqhoutyando. Wapapasha amanqaku amaninzi ahambelana neenkqubo zemicrosurg.

I-3, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microscope yourscope kwi-neurosurgery eTshayina

Njengomntu othanda ilizwe phesheya eJapan, uNjingalwazi du Ziwei wanikela phakathi kwekhaya lokuqalaI-microscope ye-neurosurustkwaye inxulumeneIzixhobo zeMicrosurgKwisebe le-neurosurgery ye-Iuzhou Coocial Cosed Heally Heally (Ngoku i-Neurosurgery iSebe lesibhedlele lesibhedlele) ngo-1972. Emva kokufunda malunga nokufumaneka kweI-microscopes ye-neurosurustkunye nezixhobo zeMicrosurulI-microscopes yoqhaqho. Unjingalwazi shi Yuquean ovela eShanghai Huashan watyelela isebe likaNjingalwazi du Ziwei ukuba agcine iinkqubo ze microsusurg. Ngenxa yoko, amaza entshayelelo, yokufunda, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweImicrosurgery microscopeswadityaniswa kumaziko amakhulu e-neurosurgery e-China, ephawula ukuqala kwe-neurosurgery ye-china encinci yase China.

4, Isiphumo so utyando lwe-microsgery

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweI-microscopes ye-neurosurust. Umzekelo, ukwenza utyando lwe-cumoer tumaitary kwi-zebano i-sethmoidon kunokuchonga ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye kususe amathumba aqhelekileyo ngelixa ekhusela i-pituite eqhelekileyo; Utyando olungenakwenziwa ngeliso lakho lunokuba luhambo olungcono, njengamathumba amathreyitha kunye nentambo ye-rinalimel. I-Andamidia wang zhongcheng yayinomyinge we-10.7% ye-Cerebral Aneurysm Aneurysm ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iI-Neurosuurgery microscope. Emva kokusebenzisa i-microscope ngo-1978, ireyithi yokufa iyehlile kwi-3.2%. Inqanaba lokufa kwamanqanaba okutya kwe-cerebralI-microscope ye-surgicalyayiyi-6.2%, kwaye emva kowe-1984, ngokusetyenziswa kweImicrosurgery microscopes, ireyithi yokufa yehliselwe kwi-1.6%. Ukusetyenziswa kweI-Neurosuurgery microscopeIvumela amathumba e-theriatay ukuba anyangwe ngendlela engacacanga engahlaseli ngaphandle kwemfuno ye-craniotomy, ukunciphisa umgangatho wokusweleka kwetyala ukusuka kwi-4.7% ukuya kwi-0.9%. Ukufezekiswa kwezi ziphumo akunakwenzeka phantsi kotyando lwendabuko yendabuko, kunjaloI-microscopes yoqhaqholuphawu lwe-neurosurgery yanamhlanje kwaye yaba sesinye sezixhobo zokuhlikisela izinto ezingafikeleliyo kwaye ezingenakuhlawuleka kwi-neurosurgery yanamhlanje.