Uphuhliso lweNeurosurgery kunye neMicrosurgery: Inkqubela phambili kwiSayensi yezonyango

Utyando lwe-Neurosurgery, olwaqala ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 eYurophu, aluzange lube lunyango olukhethekileyo lotyando de kwaba ngu-Okthobha ka-1919. Isibhedlele saseBrigham eBoston saseka elinye lamaziko okuqala otyando lwe-neurosurgery ehlabathini ngo-1920. Yayiliziko elizinikeleyo elinenkqubo epheleleyo yeklinikhi egxile kuphela kutyando lwe-neurosurgeon. Emva koko, kwasekwa iSociety of Neurosurgeons, eli candelo lathiywa ngokusemthethweni, kwaye laqala ukuphembelela uphuhliso lotyando lwe-neurosurgery kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lamanqanaba okuqala otyando lwe-neurosurgery njengecandelo elikhethekileyo, izixhobo zotyando zazingengomsebenzi uqhelekileyo, iindlela zazingekavuthwa, ukhuseleko lwe-anesthesia lwalungekho mgangathweni, kwaye amanyathelo asebenzayo okulwa nosulelo, ukunciphisa ukudumba kobuchopho, kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwangaphakathi kwentloko lwalungekho. Ngenxa yoko, utyando lwalunqabile, kwaye amazinga okufa ahlala ephezulu.

Utyando lwe-neurosurgery lwanamhlanje lubangelwe kuphuhliso oluthathu olubalulekileyo kwinkulungwane ye-19. Okokuqala, ukuqaliswa kwe-anesthesia kwenza ukuba izigulana zikwazi ukwenza utyando ngaphandle kwentlungu. Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yobuchopho (iimpawu ze-neurological kunye neempawu) kwanceda oogqirha ekuxilongeni nasekucwangciseni iinkqubo zotyando. Okokugqibela, ukuqaliswa kweendlela zokulwa neebhaktheriya kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zokungasebenzisi iintsholongwane kwavumela oogqirha ukuba banciphise umngcipheko weengxaki emva kotyando ezibangelwa zizifo.

ETshayina, icandelo lotyando lwe-neurosurgery lasekwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye liye lafumana inkqubela phambili enkulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini yemizamo yokuzinikela kunye nophuhliso. Ukusekwa kotyando lwe-neurosurgery njengecandelo kwavula indlela yokuqhubela phambili kubuchule botyando, uphando lweklinikhi, kunye nemfundo yezonyango. Iingcali zotyando lwe-neurosurgery zaseTshayina zenze igalelo eliphawulekayo kweli candelo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kwaye zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni indlela yokwenza utyando lwe-neurosurgery.

Ukuqukumbela, icandelo lotyando lwe-neurosurgery liye laphucuka kakhulu ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ukuqala ngezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo kunye nokujongana namanani aphezulu okufa, ukuqaliswa kwe-anesthesia, iindlela zokufumana indawo yobuchopho, kunye namanyathelo aphuculweyo okulawula usulelo kuye kwaguqula utyando lwe-neurosurgery lwaba luqeqesho olukhethekileyo lotyando. Imizamo yobuvulindlela yaseTshayina kutyando lwe-neurosurgery kunye notyando oluncinci iye yaqinisa isikhundla sayo njengenkokeli yehlabathi kwezi ndawo. Ngokuqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokuzinikela, ezi zifundo ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula kwaye zinegalelo ekuphuculeni ukhathalelo lwezigulane kwihlabathi liphela.