Ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa kweemayikroskopu zotyando

 

Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili nophuhliso lwesayensi oluqhubekayo, utyando lungene kwixesha lotyando oluncinci.iimayikroskopu zotyandoAyivumeli nje kuphela oogqirha ukuba babone ulwakhiwo oluhle lwendawo yotyando ngokucacileyo, kodwa ikwavumela utyando oluninzi olungenakwenziwa ngeliso lenyama, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ububanzi bonyango lotyando, iphucula ukuchaneka kotyando kunye namanqanaba okuphiliswa kwezigulane. Okwangoku,Iimakroskopu ezisebenzayoziye zaba sisixhobo sezonyango esiqhelekileyo.Iimakroskopu zegumbi lokutyandabandakanyaiimayikroskopu zotyando lomlomo, iimakroskopu zotyando lwamazinyo, iimicroscopes zotyando lwamathambo, iimakroskopu zotyando lwamehlo, iimakroskopu zotyando lwe-urological, iimakroskopu zotyando lwe-otolaryngologicalkunyeiimicroscopes zotyando lwe-neurosurgical, phakathi kwezinye. Kukho umahluko omncinci kubavelisi kunye neenkcukacha zeiimayikroskopu zotyando, kodwa ngokubanzi ziyahambelana ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni nasekusetyenzisweni kokusebenza.

1 Isakhiwo esisisiseko se-microscope yotyando

Utyando ngokubanzi lusebenzisaimakroskopu yotyando ethe nkqo(umgangatho omiyo), ophawuleka ngokubekwa kwayo okuguquguqukayo kunye nokufakelwa okulula.Iimakroskopu zotyando lwezonyangongokubanzi inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezine eziphambili: inkqubo yoomatshini, inkqubo yokujonga, inkqubo yokukhanyisa, kunye nenkqubo yokubonisa.

1.1 Inkqubo yoomatshini:Umgangatho ophezuluIimakroskopu ezisebenzayongokubanzi zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zoomatshini ezintsonkothileyo zokulungisa nokulawula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokujonga nokukhanyisa zinokufuduselwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuguquguqukayo kwiindawo ezifunekayo. Inkqubo yoomatshini ibandakanya: isiseko, ivili lokuhamba, ibhuleki, ikholamu ephambili, ingalo ejikelezayo, ingalo enqamlezileyo, ingalo yokufaka imakroskopu, umhambisi we-XY othe tye, kunye nebhodi yokulawula iphedali yeenyawo. Ingalo enqamlezileyo ngokubanzi yenzelwe amaqela amabini, ngenjongo yokuvumelaimakroskopu yokujongaukuhamba ngokukhawuleza phezu kwendawo yotyando ngaphakathi koluhlu olubanzi kangangoko. Isixhobo sokushukumisa i-XY esithe tye sinokubeka indawo ngokuchanekileyoimakroskopukwindawo oyifunayo. Ibhodi yokulawula i-foot pedal ilawula i-microscope ukuba ihambe phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, ekunene, kwaye igxile, kwaye inokutshintsha nokukhulisa kunye nesantya sokunciphisa i-microscope. Inkqubo yoomatshini yinxalenye ye-aimakroskopu yokusebenza kwezonyango, ukumisela uluhlu lwentshukumo yayo. Xa usebenzisa, qinisekisa uzinzo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo.

1.2 Inkqubo yokujonga:Inkqubo yokujonga kwindawoimakroskopu yotyando ngokubanzingokusisiseko yinguqukoimakroskopu yestereo yebhinocular yokukhulisaInkqubo yokujonga ibandakanya: ilensi ejolise ngqo, inkqubo yokusondeza, i-beam splitter, ilensi ejolise ngqo kwinkqubo, i-prism ekhethekileyo, kunye ne-eyepiece. Ngexesha lotyando, abancedisi badla ngokufuneka basebenzisane, ngoko ke inkqubo yokujonga idla ngokuyilwa ngendlela yenkqubo ye-binocular yabantu ababini.

1.3 Inkqubo yokukhanyisa: I-MicroskopuUkukhanya kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezimbini: ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kunye nokukhanya kwangaphandle. Umsebenzi wayo uphathelele iimfuno ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokukhanya kwesibane samehlo esinomngxuma. Inkqubo yokukhanyisa inezibane eziphambili, izibane ezincedisayo, iintambo ze-optical, njl. Umthombo wokukhanya ukhanyisa into ukusuka ecaleni okanye phezulu, kwaye umfanekiso uveliswa kukukhanya okubonakalayo okungena kwilensi ejolise kuyo.

1.4 Inkqubo yoBoniso:Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yedijithali, uphuhliso olusebenzayo lweiimakroskopu ezisebenzayoisiya isiba sisityebi ngakumbi.imakroskopu yezonyango yotyandoIxhotyiswe ngekhamera kamabonakude kunye nenkqubo yokurekhoda utyando. Ingabonisa imeko yotyando ngqo kwiTV okanye kwikhompyutha, ivumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bajonge imeko yotyando ngaxeshanye kwisikrini. Ifanelekile ukufundisa, uphando lwesayensi, kunye nokubonisana ngeklinikhi.

2 Amanyathelo okusebenzisa

2.1 imakroskopu yotyandosisixhobo esibonakalayo esinenkqubo yokuvelisa enzima, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ixabiso elibizayo, esibuthathaka kwaye kunzima ukusibuyisela. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu ngokulula. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde ulwakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaso.imakroskopu yezonyangoMusa ukujikelezisa izikrufu kunye namaqhosha kwimakroskopu ngokungacwangciswanga, okanye ubangele umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi; Esi sixhobo asinakuqhaqhwa ngokuthanda, njengoko iimakroskopu zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwiinkqubo zokuhlanganisa; Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakela, kufuneka ukulungiswa kwengxaki okungqongqo nokuntsonkothileyo, kwaye kunzima ukubuyisela ukuba kuqhaqhwa ngokungacwangciswanga.

2.2Nika ingqalelo ekugcineniimakroskopu yotyandococeka, ingakumbi iindawo zeglasi ezikwisixhobo, njengelensi. Xa ulwelo, ioyile, kunye namabala egazi engcolisa ilensi, khumbula ukuba ungasebenzisi izandla, amalaphu, okanye iphepha ukusula ilensi. Kuba izandla, amalaphu, kunye nephepha zihlala zineengqalutye ezincinci ezinokushiya amabala kumphezulu wesibuko. Xa kukho uthuli kumphezulu wesibuko, iarhente yokucoca yobungcali (i-anhydrous alcohol) ingasetyenziselwa ukusula ngekotoni esusa amafutha. Ukuba ukungcola kukhulu kwaye akunakusulwa, musa ukukusula ngenkani. Nceda ufune uncedo lobuchwephesha ukuze ukuphathe.

2.3Inkqubo yokukhanyisa idla ngokuba nezixhobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni, kwaye iminwe okanye ezinye izinto akufuneki zifakwe kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa. Umonakalo ongakhathaliyo uya kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiswa.

3 Ukugcinwa kweemayikroskopu

3.1Ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwebhalbhu yokukhanyisaimakroskopu yotyandoiyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lokusebenza. Ukuba ibhalbhu yokukhanya yonakele kwaye itshintshiwe, qiniseka ukuba uyibuyisela kwakhona inkqubo iye kwi-zero ukuze uphephe ilahleko ezingeyomfuneko kumatshini. Ngalo lonke ixesha umbane uvuliwe okanye ucinyiwe, iswitshi yenkqubo yokukhanyisa kufuneka icinywe okanye ukukhanya kulungiswe kube kuncinci ukuze kuthintelwe impembelelo ye-high-voltage ngequbuliso eyonakalise umthombo wokukhanya.

3.2Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokukhetha indawo yotyando, ubungakanani bendawo yokujonga, kunye nokucaca ngexesha lenkqubo yotyando, oogqirha banokulungisa umngxuma wokuhamba, ubude befocal, ukuphakama, njl.njl. ngebhodi yokulawula ipedali yeenyawo. Xa ulungisa, kuyimfuneko ukuhamba kancinci nangokucothayo. Xa ufikelela kwindawo yomda, kuyimfuneko ukuyeka ngoko nangoko, njengoko ukudlula umda wexesha kunokonakalisa injini kwaye kubangele ukungaphumeleli kokulungisa.

3.3 Emva kokusebenzisaimakroskopukangangexesha elithile, isitshixo esidibeneyo sisenokufa kakhulu okanye sikhululeke kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubuyisela isitshixo esidibeneyo kwimeko yaso yokusebenza eqhelekileyo ngokwemeko. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye kwesixhoboimakroskopu yokusebenza kwezonyango, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo ukuba akukho kuthamba kwamalungu ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko ngexesha lotyando.

3.4Emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye, sebenzisa isicoci sekotoni sokususa amafutha ukuze usule ukungcola okusecaleni.imakroskopu yezonyango esebenzayo, kungenjalo kuya kuba nzima ukuyisula icocekile ixesha elide. Yigqume ngesigqubuthelo semakroskopu kwaye uyigcine kwindawo enomoya opholileyo, eyomileyo, engenaluthuli, kwaye engenakonakalisa igesi.

3.5Misela inkqubo yolondolozo, apho abasebenzi abaziingcali beqhuba uhlolo nohlengahlengiso rhoqo lolondolozo, ulondolozo nokulungiswa okufunekayo kweenkqubo zoomatshini, iinkqubo zokujonga, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, iinkqubo zokubonisa, kunye nezixhobo zesekethe. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka kuqatshelwe xa usebenzisa i-imakroskopukwaye ukuphathwa rhabaxa kufanele kuthintelwe. Ukuze kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo yeemayikroskopu zotyando, kuyimfuneko ukuthembela kwisimo sengqondo esinzulu somsebenzi wabasebenzi kunye nenkathalo nothando lwabo kubasebenzi.iimayikroskopu, ukuze zibe kwimeko entle yokusebenza kwaye zidlale indima engcono.