Ukuphuhliswa kwe-imaging ye-optical kwi-microscopes yotyando esekwe kwividiyo

Kwicandelo lamayeza, utyando ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga uninzi lwezifo, ngakumbi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lwakwangoko lomhlaza. Isitshixo kwimpumelelo yotyando lotyando silele kwimbonakalo ecacileyo yecandelo le-pathological after dissection.Imikroskopu yotyandoziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuqhaqho lwezonyango ngenxa yengqiqo yabo eyomeleleyo yobukhulu obuthathu, inkcazo ephezulu, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-anatomical structure yecandelo le-pathological iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ininzi yazo ikufuphi nezicubu ezibalulekileyo zomzimba. I-millimeter ukuya kwi-micrometer izakhiwo ziye zadlula kude uluhlu olunokubonwa ngeliso lomntu. Ukongezelela, izicubu ze-vascular kumzimba womntu zincinci kwaye zixinene, kwaye ukukhanya akwanelanga. Nakuphi na ukutenxa okuncinci kunokubangela ingozi kwisigulana, kuchaphazele umphumo wotyando, kwaye kubeke ubomi engozini. Ngoko ke, uphando kunye nokuphuhlisaUkusebenzangemakroskopungokukhuliswa okwaneleyo kunye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo ecacileyo yisihloko abaphandi abaqhubeka behlola ngokunzulu.

Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yedijithali enjengomfanekiso kunye nevidiyo, ukuhanjiswa kolwazi, kunye nokurekhodwa kweefoto kungena kwintsimi ye-microsurgery ngezibonelelo ezintsha. Ezi teknoloji aziphembeleli kakhulu kuphela indlela yokuphila yabantu, kodwa zidibanisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-microsurgery. Iziboniso zenkcazo ephezulu, iikhamera, njl.njl zinokuhlangabezana ngokufanelekileyo neemfuno zangoku zokuchaneka kotyando. Iinkqubo zevidiyo ezine-CCD, i-CMOS kunye nezinye izivamvo zemifanekiso njengeendawo zokufumana indawo ziye zasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimicroscopes zotyando. Imikroskopu yotyando yevidiyozibhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye zilungele ukuba oogqirha basebenze. Ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana nenkqubo yokuhamba, umboniso we-3D, umgangatho womfanekiso ophezulu, i-augmented reality (AR), njl., eyenza ukuba abantu abaninzi babelane ngemibono ngexesha lenkqubo yotyando, inceda ngakumbi oogqirha ekwenzeni ngcono imisebenzi ye-intraoperative.

Imayikhroskopu optical imaging yeyona nto iphambili emisela umgangatho wokucinga ngemicroscope. Imifanekiso yamehlo yeemakroskopu zotyando lwevidiyo ineempawu zoyilo ezikhethekileyo, kusetyenziswa amacandelo optical akumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bomfanekiso obufana nesisombululo esiphezulu, umahluko ophakamileyo we-CMOS okanye i-CCD sensors, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nokusondeza kwamehlo kunye nembuyekezo yokubona. Ezi teknoloji ziphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukucaca kwe-imaging kunye nomgangatho we-microscopes, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esihle sokubonwayo kwimisebenzi yotyando. Ngaphezu koko, ngokudibanisa iteknoloji ye-optical imaging kunye ne-digital processing, i-real-time imaging eguqukayo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-3D kuye kwaphunyezwa, ukubonelela oogqirha botyando ngamava abonakalayo abonakalayo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi umgangatho we-optical imaging ye-microscopes yokuhlinzwa yevidiyo, abaphandi bahlala behlola iindlela ezintsha zokujonga i-optical imaging, njenge-imaging ye-fluorescence, i-polarization imaging, i-imaging multispectral, njl., Ukwandisa isisombululo somfanekiso kunye nobunzulu be-microscopes; Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa emva kokusetyenzwa kwedatha ye-imaging yokuphucula ukucaca komfanekiso kunye nokwahlukileyo.

Kwiinkqubo zoqhaqho kwangoko,ii-binocular microscopesbezisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezixhobo ezincedisayo. I-binocular microscope sisixhobo esisebenzisa iiprism kunye neelensi ukufezekisa umbono we-stereoscopic. Inokubonelela ngembono enzulu kunye nombono we-stereoscopic ongenawo ii-microscopes ze-monocular. Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, u-von Zehender waba nguvulindlela ekusetyenzisweni kweendondo zokubonisa i-binocular kuvavanyo lwezonyango lwe-ophthalmic. Emva koko, uZeiss wazisa i-binocular magnifying glass kunye nomgama wokusebenza we-25 cm, ebeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe-microsurgery yanamhlanje. Ngokubhekiselele kumfanekiso wokukhanya we-binocular microscopes, umgama wokusebenza we-binocular microscopes wawuyi-75 mm. Ngokuphuhliswa kunye nokutsha kwezixhobo zonyango, i-microscope yokuqala yokuhlinzwa i-OPMI1 yaziswa, kwaye umgama wokusebenza unokufikelela kwi-405 mm. Ukwandiswa kwakhona kuyanda rhoqo, kwaye iinketho zokwandisa zihlala zisanda. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kweemakroskopu zebhayinotyhula, iingenelo zazo ezinje ngempembelelo ecacileyo ye-stereoscopic, ukucaca okuphezulu, kunye nomgama omde wokusebenza zenze imikroskopu yotyando yebhayinotyhutyhutyhutytyhutytytytytytytyw ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumasebe awahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhawulelwa kobukhulu bayo obukhulu kunye nobunzulu obuncinci abunakuhoywa, kwaye abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka bahlale belungelelanisa kwaye bagxininise ngexesha lotyando, okwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza. Ukongezelela, oogqirha abagxininise ekubonweni kwesixhobo sokubonwayo kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide abagcini nje ukwandisa umthwalo wabo wenyama, kodwa abahambisani nemigaqo ye-ergonomic. Oogqirha kufuneka bagcine i-posture esisigxina ukwenza iimviwo zokuhlinzwa kwizigulane, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezandla luyafuneka, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima bokusebenza kotyando.

Emva kweminyaka yoo-1990, iinkqubo zekhamera kunye nezivamvo zemifanekiso zaqala ukudityaniswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwinkqubo yotyando, ebonisa amandla amakhulu okusebenza. Ngo-1991, i-Berci yavelisa ngokutsha inkqubo yevidiyo yokujonga iindawo zotyando, kunye nomgama wokusebenza ohlengahlengiswayo we-150-500 mm kunye nobubanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka kwi-15-25 mm, ngelixa igcina ubunzulu bebala phakathi kwe-10-20 mm. Nangona iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kweelensi kunye neekhamera ngelo xesha zithintele ukusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kobu buchwepheshe kwizibhedlele ezininzi, abaphandi baqhubekile nokulandela ukutsha kwetekhnoloji kwaye baqala ukuphuhlisa ii-microscopes zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngakumbi wevidiyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-binocular surgery microscopes, efuna ixesha elide ukugcina le ndlela yokusebenza engatshintshiyo, inokukhokelela ngokulula ekudinweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Uhlobo lwevidiyo yotyando lwemakroskopu iprojekthi yomfanekiso owandisiweyo kwimonitha, ukuthintela ukuma okungalunganga kwexesha elide kogqirha wotyando. Ividiyo esekelwe kwi-microscopes yotyando ikhulula oogqirha kwindawo enye, evumela ukuba basebenze kwiindawo ze-anatomical ngokusebenzisa izikrini eziphezulu zenkcazo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuhambela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, iimakroskopu zotyando ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaba nobukrelekrele, kwaye iimakroskopu zotyando ezisekwe kwividiyo ziye zaba ziimveliso eziphambili kwintengiso. Ividiyo yangoku esekwe kwimicroscope yotyando idibanisa umbono wekhompyuter kunye netekhnoloji yokufunda nzulu ukufezekisa ukuqondwa komfanekiso ozenzekelayo, ukwahlulahlula kunye nohlalutyo. Ngexesha lotyando, ividiyo ekrelekrele esekwe kwimakroskopu yotyando inokuncedisa oogqirha ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza izicubu ezigulayo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando.

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso ukusuka kwi-binocular microscopes ukuya kwi-microscopes yotyando esekwe kwividiyo, akunzima ukufumana ukuba iimfuno zokuchaneka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokhuseleko kutyando ziyanda imihla ngemihla. Okwangoku, imfuno yokujonga i-microscopes yotyando ayiphelelanga ekwandiseni iindawo ze-pathological, kodwa iya isanda ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Kumayeza eklinikhi, ii-microscopes zotyando zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-neurological and spinal surgeries ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli ze-fluorescence ezidityaniswe nenyani eyongeziweyo. Inkqubo yokukhangela ye-AR inokuququzelela utyando oluntsonkothileyo lwe-spinal keyhole, kunye neearhente ze-fluorescent zinokukhokela oogqirha ukuba basuse ngokupheleleyo izicubu zengqondo. Ukongeza, abaphandi baye bafezekisa ngempumelelo ukufumanisa okuzenzekelayo kweepolyps zentambo yezwi kunye ne-leukoplakia besebenzisa i-microscope yokuhlinzwa ye-hyperspectral edityaniswe ne-algorithms yokuhlelwa kwemifanekiso. Imakroskopu yotyando lwevidiyo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zotyando ezifana ne-thyroidectomy, utyando lwe-retinal, kunye notyando lwe-lymphatic ngokudibanisa ne-fluorescence imaging, imaging multispectral, kunye nobuchwephesha bokucwangcisa imifanekiso.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-binocular microscopes yokuhlinzwa, ii-microscopes zevidiyo zinokubonelela ngokwabelana ngevidiyo ngabasebenzisi abaninzi, imifanekiso yotyando ephezulu, kwaye i-ergonomic ngakumbi, inciphisa ukudinwa kukagqirha. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-imaging optical, i-digitization, kunye nobukrelekrele kuye kwaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-microscope zokuhlinzwa, kunye ne-real-time imaging eguquguqukayo, i-augmented reality, kunye nezinye iiteknoloji ziye zandisa kakhulu imisebenzi kunye neemodyuli ze-microscopes ezisekelwe kwividiyo.

Imifanekiso yamehlo yevidiyo ezayo esekwe kwimicroscopes yotyando iya kuchaneka ngakumbi, isebenze kakuhle, kwaye ibe nobukrelekrele, ibonelele oogqirha ngolwazi olubanzi, oluneenkcukacha, kunye nolwazi lwesigulana esinemigangatho emithathu ukukhokela ngcono utyando. Ngeli xesha, ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandiswa kwemimandla yesicelo, le nkqubo iya kusetyenziswa kwaye iphuhliswe kwiinkalo ezininzi.