Uphuhliso lwemifanekiso ye-optical kwi-microscopes yotyando esekelwe kwividiyo

Kwicandelo lezonyango, utyando ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga uninzi lwezifo, ingakumbi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lokuqala lomhlaza. Isitshixo sempumelelo yotyando lukagqirha sikwindlela ecacileyo yokubona icandelo lezifo emva kokuqhaqhwa.Iimakroskopu zotyandoziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kutyando lwezonyango ngenxa yokuqonda kwazo okukhulu kobukhulu obuthathu, inkcazo ephezulu, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo lwe-anatomical lwenxalenye ye-pathological luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukufutshane nezicubu zomzimba ezibalulekileyo. Izakhiwo ze-millimeter ukuya kwi-micrometer zidlule kakhulu kuluhlu olunokubonwa liliso lomntu. Ukongeza, izicubu zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni womntu zincinci kwaye zixineneyo, kwaye ukukhanya akwanelanga. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka okuncinci kunokubangela ingozi kwisigulana, kuchaphazele isiphumo sotyando, kwaye kubeke ubomi esichengeni. Ke ngoko, uphando kunye nophuhlisoUkusebenzaiimayikroskopungokukhulisa okwaneleyo kunye nemifanekiso ecacileyo ebonakalayo yingongoma abaphandi abaqhubeka beyiphonononga nzulu.

Okwangoku, iitekhnoloji zedijithali ezifana nomfanekiso nevidiyo, ukuhanjiswa kolwazi, kunye nokurekhodwa kweefoto zingena kwicandelo lotyando oluncinci ngeenzuzo ezintsha. Ezi teknoloji aziphembeleli nje kuphela indlela yokuphila yabantu, kodwa zikwangena kancinci kancinci kwicandelo lotyando oluncinci. Izibonisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iikhamera, njl. zinokuhlangabezana ngempumelelo neemfuno zangoku zokuchaneka kotyando. Iinkqubo zevidiyo ezine-CCD, i-CMOS kunye nezinye izinzwa zomfanekiso njengeendawo zokwamkela ziye zasetyenziswa kancinci kancinci kwiimicroscopes zotyando. Iimakroskopu zevidiyo zotyandoziguquguquka kakhulu kwaye zilungele oogqirha ukuzisebenzisa. Ukwaziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nenkqubo yokuhamba, isiboniso se-3D, umgangatho womfanekiso ophezulu, i-augmented reality (AR), njl.njl., ezivumela ukwabelana ngemibono yabantu abaninzi ngexesha lenkqubo yotyando, kunceda ngakumbi oogqirha ekwenzeni ngcono imisebenzi yangaphakathi kotyando.

Umzobo we-optical we-Microscope yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umgangatho womfanekiso we-microscope. Umzobo we-optical we-microscopes yotyando lwevidiyo uneempawu zoyilo ezikhethekileyo, usebenzisa izinto eziphambili ze-optical kunye nobuchwepheshe bomfanekiso ezifana nee-sensors ze-CMOS okanye ze-CCD ezinesisombululo esiphezulu, ezibonisa umahluko ophezulu, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana ne-optical zoom kunye ne-optical compensation. Ezi teknoloji ziphucula ngempumelelo ukucaca komfanekiso kunye nomgangatho we-microscopes, zibonelela ngokuqinisekiswa okuhle kokubonwayo kwimisebenzi yotyando. Ngaphezu koko, ngokudibanisa iteknoloji yomfanekiso we-optical kunye ne-digital processing, umzobo we-dynamic wexesha langempela kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-3D kuye kwafezekiswa, kubonelela oogqirha botyando ngamava okubona aqondakalayo ngakumbi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi umgangatho womfanekiso we-optical we-microscopes yotyando lwevidiyo, abaphandi bahlala behlola iindlela ezintsha zomfanekiso we-optical, ezifana nomfanekiso we-fluorescence, umfanekiso we-polarization, umfanekiso we-multispectral, njl.njl., ukuphucula isisombululo somfanekiso kunye nobunzulu be-microscopes; Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa emva kokucubungula idatha yomfanekiso we-optical ukuphucula ukucaca komfanekiso kunye nomahluko.

Kwiinkqubo zotyando zakuqala,iimayikroskopu zebhanocularzazisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezixhobo ezincedisayo. I-binocular microscope sisixhobo esisebenzisa iiprism kunye neelensi ukufezekisa umbono we-stereoscopic. Inokubonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu kunye nombono we-stereoscopic ongekho kwiimicroscopes ze-monocular. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, u-von Zehender waba nguvulindlela wokusetyenziswa kweeglasi zokukhulisa ii-binocular kwiimvavanyo zamehlo zonyango. Emva koko, uZeiss wazisa iglasi yokukhulisa ii-binocular enomgama wokusebenza we-25 cm, ebeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe-microsurgery yanamhlanje. Ngokuphathelele imifanekiso ye-optical yeemicroscopes zotyando ze-binocular, umgama wokusebenza weemicroscopes zokuqala ze-binocular wawuyi-75 mm. Ngophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango, i-microscope yokuqala yotyando i-OPMI1 yaziswa, kwaye umgama wokusebenza unokufikelela kwi-405 mm. Ukukhulisa kuyanda rhoqo, kwaye ukhetho lokukhulisa luyanda rhoqo. Ngokuqhubeka phambili kweemicroscopes ze-binocular, izibonelelo zazo ezifana ne-stereoscopic ecacileyo, ukucaca okuphezulu, kunye nomgama wokusebenza omde zenze iimicroscopes zotyando ze-binocular zisetyenziswe kakhulu kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, umda wobukhulu bayo obukhulu kunye nobunzulu obuncinci awunakutyeshelwa, kwaye abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka balinganise rhoqo kwaye bagxile ngexesha lotyando, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima botyando. Ukongeza, oogqirha abagxila ekujongeni nasekusebenzeni izixhobo ezibonakalayo ixesha elide abagcini nje ngokwandisa umthwalo wabo womzimba, kodwa abahambisani nemigaqo ye-ergonomic. Oogqirha kufuneka bahlale beme ngendlela ezinzileyo ukuze benze uvavanyo lotyando kwizigulana, kwaye kufuneka nohlengahlengiso olwenziwe ngesandla, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima botyando.

Emva kweminyaka yoo-1990, iinkqubo zeekhamera kunye neenzwa zemifanekiso zaqala ukuhlanganiswa kancinci kancinci kwindlela yotyando, zibonisa amandla abalulekileyo okusetyenziswa. Ngo-1991, uBerci waphuhlisa inkqubo yevidiyo yokubona iindawo zotyando, enomgama olungelelanisiweyo wokusebenza we-150-500 mm kunye nobubanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo obuqala kwi-15-25 mm, ngelixa egcina ubunzulu bomhlaba phakathi kwe-10-20 mm. Nangona iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kweelensi kunye neekhamera ngelo xesha zanciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kobu buchwepheshe kwizibhedlele ezininzi, abaphandi baqhubeka nokulandela ubuchule betekhnoloji baza baqala ukuphuhlisa iimicroscopes zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neemicroscopes zotyando ezisebenzisa iibhinocular, ezifuna ixesha elide ukugcina le ndlela yokusebenza ingatshintshanga, inokukhokelela ngokulula ekudinweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Imicroscope yotyando yohlobo lwevidiyo iveza umfanekiso okhuliswe kwisikrini, ithintela ukuma okungapheliyo kotyando. Iimicroscopes zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo zikhulula oogqirha kwisimo esinye, zibavumela ukuba basebenze kwiindawo zomzimba ngokusebenzisa izikrini eziphezulu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, iimayikroskopu zotyando ziye zaba ziingcali kancinci kancinci, kwaye iimayikroskopu zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo ziye zaba ziimveliso eziphambili kwimarike. Imayikroskopu yotyando esekwe kwividiyo yangoku idibanisa umbono wekhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda nzulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqondwa kwemifanekiso ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwahlulwahlulwa, kunye nohlalutyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yotyando, iimayikroskopu zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo ezikrelekrele zinokunceda oogqirha ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza izicubu ezinesifo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kotyando.

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso ukusuka kwiimicroscopes zebinocular ukuya kwiimicroscopes zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo, akunzima ukufumanisa ukuba iimfuno zokuchaneka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokhuseleko kutyando ziyanda imihla ngemihla. Okwangoku, imfuno ye-optical imaging yeemicroscopes zotyando ayipheleli nje ekukhuliseni iindawo ze-pathological, kodwa iyanda ngokwahlukahlukana kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Kwizonyango zeklinikhi, iimicroscopes zotyando zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-neurological and spinal surgeries ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli ze-fluorescence ezidityaniswe ne-augmented reality. Inkqubo yokuhamba nge-AR inokwenza kube lula utyando oluntsonkothileyo lwe-spinal keyhole, kwaye ii-fluorescent agents zinokukhokela oogqirha ukuba basuse ngokupheleleyo ii-tumor zobuchopho. Ukongeza, abaphandi baphumelele ekufumaneni ngokuzenzekelayo ii-polyps ze-vocal cord kunye ne-leukoplakia besebenzisa i-hyperspectral surgical microscope edityaniswe ne-algorithms yokwahlulahlula imifanekiso. Ii-video surgical microscopes zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zotyando ezifana ne-thyroidectomy, utyando lwe-retina, kunye notyando lwe-lymphatic ngokudibanisa ne-fluorescence imaging, i-multispectral imaging, kunye ne-intelligence image processing technologies.

Xa kuthelekiswa nee-binocular surgical microscopes, ii-video microscopes zinokubonelela ngokwabelana ngevidiyo ngabasebenzisi abaninzi, imifanekiso yotyando ecacileyo, kwaye zilungelelanisa ngakumbi, zinciphisa ukudinwa kogqirha. Uphuhliso lwe-optical imaging, i-digitization, kunye nobukrelekrele luphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-optical microscope optical, kwaye i-real-time dynamic imaging, i-augmented reality, kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji ziye zandisa kakhulu imisebenzi kunye neemodyuli ze-video based surgical microscopes.

Imifanekiso ye-optical yee-video microscopes zotyando ezisekelwe kwividiyo yexesha elizayo iya kuba yinyani ngakumbi, isebenze kakuhle, kwaye ikrelekrele, inike oogqirha ulwazi olupheleleyo, oluneenkcukacha, nolunemilinganiselo emithathu yesigulane ukuze bakhokele ngcono utyando lotyando. Okwangoku, ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwandiswa kwamacandelo okusetyenziswa, le nkqubo iya kusetyenziswa kwaye iphuhliswe kwiinkalo ezininzi.